磁盘管理

Kevin2li大约 2 分钟Linux

磁盘管理

  • fdisk
# List partitions:
sudo fdisk -l

# Start the partition manipulator:
sudo fdisk /dev/sdX

# Once partitioning a disk, create a partition:
n

# Once partitioning a disk, select a partition to delete:
d

# Once partitioning a disk, view the partition table:
p

# Once partitioning a disk, write the changes made:
w

# Once partitioning a disk, discard the changes made:
q

# Once partitioning a disk, open a help menu:
m
  • mount
# 将设备 "/dev/sdb1" 挂载到 "/mnt/media" 目录
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/media

:::info{title="相关信息"} 格式： mount [OPTION...] DEVICE_NAME DIRECTORY :::

  • umount
umount DIRECTORY
umount DEVICE_NAME
  • df
# Display all filesystems and their disk usage:
df

# Display all filesystems and their disk usage in human-readable form:
df -h

# Display the filesystem and its disk usage containing the given file or directory:
df path/to/file_or_directory

# Display statistics on the number of free inodes:
df -i

# Display filesystems but exclude the specified types:
df -x squashfs -x tmpfs
  • du
# List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in the given unit (B/KiB/MiB):
du -b|k|m path/to/directory

# List the sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, in human-readable form (i.e. auto-selecting the appropriate unit for each size):
du -h path/to/directory

# Show the size of a single directory, in human-readable units:
du -sh path/to/directory

# List the human-readable sizes of a directory and of all the files and directories within it:
du -ah path/to/directory

# List the human-readable sizes of a directory and any subdirectories, up to N levels deep:
du -h --max-depth=N path/to/directory

# List the human-readable size of all `.jpg` files in subdirectories of the current directory, and show a cumulative total at the end:
du -ch */*.jpg
  • lsblk
    列出块设备,可以查看到块设备的挂载点
# List all storage devices in a tree-like format:
lsblk

# Also list empty devices:
lsblk -a

# Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format:
lsblk -b

# Output info about filesystems:
lsblk -f

# Use ASCII characters for tree formatting:
lsblk -i

# Output info about block-device topology:
lsblk -t

# Exclude the devices specified by the comma-separated list of major device numbers:
lsblk -e 1,7

# Display a customized summary using a comma-separated list of columns:
lsblk --output NAME,SERIAL,MODEL,TRAN,TYPE,SIZE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT
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  • lsusb
# List all the USB devices available:
lsusb

# List the USB hierarchy as a tree:
lsusb -t

# List verbose information about USB devices:
lsusb --verbose

# List detailed information about a USB device:
lsusb -D {{device}}

# List devices with a specified vendor and product ID only:
lsusb -d {{vendor}}:{{product}}
  • lspci
# Show a brief list of devices:
lspci

# Display additional info:
lspci -v

# Display drivers and modules handling each device:
lspci -k

# Show a specific device:
lspci -s {{00:18.3}}

# Dump info in a readable form:
lspci -vm
  • iotop
# 查看所有进程的磁盘I/O
sudo iotop

# 查看当前实际进行磁盘I/O的进程
sudo iotop -o

# 查看指定进程的磁盘I/O情况
sudo iotop -p 22

输出：

image.png
image.png